2'O-ribose methylation

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874939918300804

Highlights

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Ribose 2’-O-methylation is very common RNA modification omnipresent in cellular RNAs (rRNAs/tRNAs/mRNAs/sn(sno)RNAs/miRNAs…).

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Formation of 2’-O-methylated residues is insured by both protein stand-alone enzymes and by C/D-box sno(s)RNP complexes.

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Ribose methylation in RNA is dynamic and responds to physiological state of the cell.

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Ribose methylation is important for regulation of RNA stability, mRNA splicing and translation, as well as innate immune response.

Description

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/InterPro/IPR013123/

Most cellular RNAs undergo a number of post-transcriptional nucleoside modifications. While the biological role of many of these modifications is unknown, some have been shown to be necessary for cell growth or for resistance to antibiotics

^{[1, 2]}

. One of the most common modifications is 2'O-ribose methylation catalysed by the RNA 2'O-ribose methyltransferases, a large enzyme family that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to the 2'-OH group of the backbone ribose

^[3]

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This entry represents a substrate-binding domain found in a variety of bacterial and mitochondrial RNA 2'-O ribose methyltransferases. These include the bacterial enzyme RlmB, which specifically methylates the conserved nucleotide guanosine 2251 in 23S RNA, and PET56, which specifically methylates the equivalent guanosine in mitochondrial 21S RNA

^{[4, 1]}

. This domain forms a four-stranded mixed beta sheet similar to that found in other RNA binding enzymes

^[5]

. It shows considerable conformational flexibility which is thought to be important for its ability to bind RNA.

Wikipedia

2'-O-methylation

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2'-O-methyl-adenosine, a modified adenosine.

2'-O-methylation is a common nucleoside modification of RNA, where a methyl group is added to the 2' hydroxyl of the ribose moiety of a nucleoside, producing a methoxy group. 2'-O-methylated nucleosides are mostly found in ribosomal RNA and small nuclear RNA and occur in the functionally essential regions of the ribosome and spliceosome.^[1] Currently, about 1210 2'-O-methylations (2'-O-Me) have been identified in mammals and yeast and deposited in RMBase (RNA Modification Base) database.^[2]
Having the chemical properties intermediate between RNA and DNA, 2'-O-methylation is presumed to have one of the reactive group of RNA molecules on early earth that would have given rise to DNA.^[3]
Recently a novel method to map 2'-O ribose methylations by high throughput sequencing has been published.^[4] The method is quantitative and maps all modifications in a single experiment.