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fredag 7 december 2018

Hexosaminibiosynteesitien entsyymeistä sokerifosfaatista UDP-GLCNAC molekyyliin etc

Tästä löytyy kyllä hyvä kuva netissä valm iina, muta sen siirtämineopiona tuo hirvittävän määrän kirjaimia koko sivulle html- tekstissä.  PubMed hakutietä saan  kohtuullisen  kuvan.
 Näiden geenien osuuden diabetekseen ja  insuliiniresistenssiä muodostavaan ylipainoon koetan tässä katsoa tänään.
Aloitan geenistä GNPDA1.

GNPDA1, on yksi näistä neljästä starttirektion säätelijästä.  neljä entsyymiä: GNPDA1 ja -2, GFAT1 ja -2.

  Hexosamine biosynthesis pathway.
UDP-GlcNAc is produced from fructose-6-phosphate through a series of illustrated enzymatic reactions.

(1) The start of this pathway, 
the production of d-glucosamine-6-phosphate is considered as the rate limiting step, and is the subject of this study.
 GNPDA1 and GNPDA2 = glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminases 1 and 2;

'https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=GNPDA1&keywords=GNPDA1

.SIVUMENNEN MAINITEN  vapautuvan ammoniumin vaihe? Mikä on  ureaasin osuus sars-2 virusinfektiossa? Vai syöttääkö ammonium heti hexosaminitietä ja niitä hyaliiniaineten syntymistä? Mistä asettaa jarrua hexosaminitiehen, ammoniumin irtoamisen vaiheestako jo?))
 2022 Aug 15;1-5.
doi: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2110096. Online ahead of print.
Phenolic compounds of Zanthoxylum armatum DC as potential inhibitors of urease and SARS-CoV2 using molecular docking approach and with simulation study
Abstract
The anti-urease effects of active extract and three isolated phenolic compounds viz., chlorogenic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and gallic acid of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum DC were evaluated. The compounds were identified based on HPLC-PDA, HR-MS, and NMR analysis. Molecular docking analysis revealed that these compounds significantly interacted with Helicobacter pylori urease and SARS-CoV2 vital proteins. Chlorogenic acid was found to show the strongest interaction with the H. pylori urease and coronavirus main protease (Mpro, also called 3CLpro), while gallic acid with five spike proteins (Cathepsin L) of SARS-CoV2. The compounds were checked for their drug-likeliness character and were found to pass the Lipinski filter and abide by Veber's rule and passed through ADMET. Chlorogenic acid was simulated for 50 ns using GROMACS. The study shows that chlorogenic acid isolated from Z. armatum could be a significant antagonist of the H. pylori urease. Keywords: H. pylori; MD simulation; SARS-CoV2; anti-urease; chemical constituents. 
  (hydroxyurea is a substrate and competitive inhibitor of urease. Toisesta artikkelista.)

  ( Tämä  teksti on kesken. Olen kertaamassa hexosaminitietä)  27.9.2022.


 GFAT1 and GFAT2 = glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminases 1 and 2;
(2) 
AMDHD2 = N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase 2;
GNPNAT1 = glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1;
(3) 
 PGM3 = phosphoglucomutase 3;
(4)  
UAP1 = UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1.
This figure is available in black and white in print and in color at Glycobiology online.

 Hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. UDP-GlcNAc is produced from fructose-6-phosphate through a series of illustrated enzymatic reactions. The start of this pathway, the production of d-glucosamine-6-phosphate is considered as the rate limiting step, and is the subject of this study. GNPDA1 and GNPDA2 = glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminases 1 and 2; GFAT1 and GFAT2 = glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminases 1 and 2; AMDHD2 = N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase 2; GNPNAT1 = glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1; PGM3 = phosphoglucomutase 3; UAP1 = UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1. This figure is available in black and white in print and in color at Glycobiology online.

Nyt tässä alimpana on  avain molekyyli  glykokonjugaattien syntymiseen.

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