http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v36/n4/fig_tab/ijo2011113f1.html
Perilipiini on eräs proteiini, joka kattaaa adiposyytin rasvapisaran pintaa ja se näyttää voivan basaalitilassaan blokeeraavan lipolyysi- jos se fosforyloituu PKA-entsyymillä-
PKA-aktiivisuus puolestaan säätyy syklisen monofosfaatin (cAMP) pitoisuudesta.PKA voi fosforyloida ATGL ja HSL-entsyymit, jotka pystyvät purkamaan triglyseridistä esiin glyserolia ja rasvahappoja ( lipolyysi).
PKA inaktivoituminen aiheutuu fosfodiesteraasin PDE-vaikutuksesta, joka hajoittaa cAMP.
Insuliinin vaikutus on
estää lipolyysiä
Kuvan engl. selitys: Adipocyte ‘lipolysome’ in basal and stimulated state. Lipid droplets
(LDs) are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer in which different
proteins are anchored:
PLIN1a (perilipin), PLIN2 (ADRP) and Fsp27
/Cidec.
In the unstimulated basal state,
ATGL, perilipin and ABHD5 are forming a
complex at the surface of the LD. These protein interactions maintain
ABHD5 inactive and as a consequence limit
basal ATGL-mediated lipolysis.
HSL and FABP4 are in the cytosol.
In the stimulated state, HSL is
phosphorylated by protein kinases (PKs); the active form of HSL migrates
to the surface of the LD. PK also phosphorylate PLIN1a that undergoes
structural modification and rearrangement leading to fragmentation of
the LD. ABHD5 released from phophorylated PLIN1a activates ATGL to
initiate
TAG hydrolysis. G0S2 can limit ATGL enzyme activity.
DAGs are
then transformed into MAG by active HSL.
MGL ends the lipolytic process
and releases
glycerol and FA. FA-complexed FABP4 can interact with HSL
to modulate lipolysis. ABHD5, abhydrolase domain containing; ADRP,
adipose differentiation-related protein;
ATGL, adipose triglyceride
lipase;
DAG, diacylglycerol;
FA, fatty acid;
FABP4, fatty acid-binding
protein 4;
Fsp27, fat-specific protein 27, also called Cidec;
G0S2, G0
/G1
switch gene 2;
HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase;
MAG, monoacylglycerol;
MGL, monoglyceride lipase;
PLIN1a, perilipin A;
TAG, triacylglycerol.
Adapted from Bezaire and Langin.
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